Chemistry of TCA Peeling
At the heart of TCA peeling lies trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a chemical compound renowned for its
skin-renewing properties. TCA is a potent exfoliant that penetrates the skin’s surface, targeting dead
skin cells and initiating a process of regeneration. Unlike superficial peels, which primarily target
the epidermis, TCA peels delve deeper, reaching the dermis to stimulate collagen production and
promote cellular turnover.
The Transformative Power of TCA Peels
TCA peels are available in a spectrum of strengths or concentrations, allowing for tailored treatment
approaches suited to individual skin types and concerns. By removing damaged outer layers of skin,
TCA peels effectively address a myriad of skin imperfections, including:
Aging Signs: Fine lines, wrinkles, and uneven texture are smoothed out as new, youthful
skin emerges.
Hyperpigmentation: Melasma, sun spots, and other forms of hyperpigmentation are visibly
reduced, revealing a more even complexion.
Acne Scars: TCA peels diminish the appearance of acne scars by promoting collagen
remodelling and skin regeneration.
Skin Tone: Uneven skin tone and dullness are banished, leaving behind a radiant and
revitalised complexion.
Safety in the Hands of Experts
While TCA peels offer remarkable benefits, safety considerations are paramount. Approximately
130,000 TCA peels were performed by dermatologists in 2018, underscoring its widespread
acceptance and effectiveness. However, it’s essential to acknowledge potential side effects, such as
temporary burning, discomfort, redness, and skin sensitivity following the peel.
To mitigate risks, entrust your skin to a licensed and certified healthcare practitioner experienced in
performing TCA peels. Their expertise ensures precise application and tailored treatment protocols,
minimising the likelihood of adverse reactions. While rare, complications such as scarring and
infection underscore the importance of seeking professional guidance.
Convenience and Recovery
One of the allurements of TCA peels lies in their convenience. The procedure typically lasts around
30 minutes, making it an ideal option for those with busy lifestyles. Following the peel, you can
resume your regular activities, albeit with precautions to shield your skin from sun exposure. As
your skin undergoes the healing process, diligent sun protection is paramount to safeguard against
UV-induced damage and maximise results.
Composition of TCA Peel
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peels typically consist of a solution containing trichloroacetic acid as
the active ingredient, along with other components that may enhance its efficacy and safety. The
exact composition of TCA peel solutions can vary depending on the manufacturer and the specific
formulation. However, the primary component, trichloroacetic acid, remains consistent across all
TCA peels.
Trichloroacetic acid is a chemical compound derived from acetic acid, commonly used in various
dermatological treatments for its exfoliating and skin-renewing properties. In TCA peels, it serves
as the main agent responsible for removing dead skin cells, stimulating collagen production, and
promoting skin regeneration.
In addition to trichloroacetic acid, TCA peel solutions may also contain:
Water: Often the primary solvent used to dissolve trichloroacetic acid and create the peel
solution.
Buffers: These help to adjust the pH of the solution to ensure it remains within the optimal
range for safe and effective application on the skin.
Additives: Some formulations may include additional ingredients such as glycolic acid,
lactic acid, or other alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) to enhance exfoliation and skin penetration.
Stabilisers: Certain compounds may be added to stabilise the solution and prolong its shelf
life.
Neutralisers: After the desired level of exfoliation has been achieved, a neutralising solution
may be applied to stop the peeling process and restore the skin’s pH balance.
Overall, the precise composition of TCA peel solutions is carefully formulated to deliver controlled
exfoliation and skin rejuvenation while minimising the risk of adverse reactions. It’s essential to
consult with a qualified healthcare professional before undergoing a TCA peel to ensure that the
treatment is tailored to your individual needs and skin type.
How does TCA Peel work ?
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peels work by inducing controlled chemical exfoliation of the skin,
leading to the removal of damaged outer layers and the stimulation of collagen production and
cellular renewal. Here’s a closer look at how TCA peels work:
Chemical Exfoliation:
Penetration: When applied to the skin, TCA penetrates the epidermis, the outermost layer
of the skin. Unlike superficial peels that primarily target the epidermis, TCA can penetrate deeper
into the skin, reaching the dermis.
Protein Denaturation: TCA disrupts the bonds between skin cells, causing them to detach
and slough off. This process is known as protein denaturation and results in the removal of dead or
damaged skin cells from the surface.
Stimulation of Collagen Production:
Dermal Effects: TCA’s ability to penetrate into the dermis stimulates fibroblasts, the cells
responsible for producing collagen, elastin, and other structural proteins.
Collagen Remodelling: Increased collagen production leads to collagen remodelling, which
helps improve skin elasticity, firmness, and texture. Over time, this can reduce the appearance of
fine lines, wrinkles, and skin laxity.
Cellular Renewal:
Cell Turnover: By removing the outermost layer of skin, TCA peels accelerate the natural
process of cellular turnover. This encourages the emergence of fresh, healthy skin cells from the
deeper layers of the epidermis.
Skin Regeneration: As new skin cells replace the old ones, the skin’s texture becomes
smoother, and imperfections such as hyperpigmentation, acne scars, and uneven tone gradually fade
away.
Benefits of TCA Peels:
Improvement of Skin Texture: TCA peels can smooth out rough skin texture, minimising
the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and enlarged pores.
Reduction of Hyperpigmentation: TCA peels help fade dark spots, sun damage, and
melasma by promoting even skin tone and reducing the production of melanin.
Treatment of Acne Scars: TCA peels can diminish the appearance of acne scars by
stimulating collagen production and encouraging skin regeneration.
Overall Rejuvenation: By promoting collagen synthesis and cellular renewal, TCA peels
rejuvenate the skin, leaving it looking fresher, brighter, and more youthful.
What is the procedure of TCA peel?
The procedure for a TCA (trichloroacetic acid) peel typically involves several steps, beginning with
an initial consultation with a qualified healthcare professional to assess your skin type, concerns,
and suitability for the treatment.
Specifically Tailored For You
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) can be mixed with other acids to create customised chemical peel
treatments tailored to individual skin types, concerns, and desired outcomes. This approach, known
as combination peels or layered peels, allows healthcare professionals to enhance the efficacy of the
treatment and address multiple skin concerns simultaneously. Here’s how different acids can be
combined with TCA to create customised treatments:
- Glycolic Acid:
Purpose: Glycolic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) known for its exfoliating properties and
ability to improve skin texture and tone.
Combination: TCA can be mixed with glycolic acid to create a peel solution that targets both
superficial and deeper layers of the skin. This combination enhances exfoliation and promotes
collagen production, resulting in smoother, more radiant skin. - Salicylic Acid:
Purpose: Salicylic acid is a beta hydroxy acid (BHA) with anti-inflammatory and comedolytic
properties, making it effective for treating acne and reducing pore size.
Combination: Combining TCA with salicylic acid creates a peel solution that addresses acne, acne
scars, and uneven skin texture. The salicylic acid penetrates deep into the pores to unclog them and
reduce acne breakouts, while TCA exfoliates the skin’s surface and promotes cell turnover. - Lactic Acid:
Purpose: Lactic acid is another AHA known for its gentle exfoliating properties and ability to
improve skin hydration and brightness.
Combination: TCA can be combined with lactic acid to create a peel solution suitable for
individuals with sensitive skin or those seeking mild exfoliation. This combination enhances skin
hydration, reduces hyperpigmentation, and improves overall skin texture without causing excessive
irritation. - Jessner’s Solution:
Purpose: Jessner’s solution is a combination of salicylic acid, lactic acid, and resorcinol, designed
to provide deep exfoliation and treat various skin concerns.
Combination: TCA can be mixed with Jessner’s solution to create a potent peel formulation that
targets acne, hyperpigmentation, fine lines, and wrinkles. This combination offers synergistic
effects, enhancing exfoliation, promoting collagen production, and improving overall skin tone and
texture.
Here’s a general outline of what you can expect during a TCA peel procedure:
Pre-Treatment Preparation:
Consultation: Your healthcare provider will evaluate your skin and medical history to
determine if you’re a suitable candidate for a TCA peel. They will discuss your goals, expectations,
and any potential risks or complications associated with the treatment.
Skin Preparation: Depending on your skin type and the desired depth of the peel, your
provider may recommend pre-treatment with skincare products containing ingredients such as
retinoids or alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) to prepare your skin and enhance the peel’s effectiveness.
The Peeling Procedure:
Cleansing: Before the peel, your skin will be thoroughly cleansed to remove any dirt, oil, or
makeup. This ensures that the TCA solution can penetrate evenly and effectively.
Application of TCA Solution: The TCA solution will be applied to your skin using a brush,
cotton applicator, or swab. The concentration of TCA used will depend on your skin type, concerns,
and the desired depth of the peel. Multiple layers of the solution may be applied, depending on the
treatment plan.
Sensation: As the TCA solution is applied, you may experience a sensation of warmth or
tingling on your skin. This is normal and typically subsides after a few minutes.
Monitoring: Throughout the application process, your provider will closely monitor your
skin’s response to the TCA solution to ensure that it’s penetrating evenly and that the desired level of
exfoliation is achieved.
Neutralisation (Optional): After the desired level of exfoliation has been achieved, a
neutralising solution may be applied to stop the peeling process and restore the skin’s pH balance.
Not all TCA peels require neutralisation, as some are self-neutralising.
Post-Treatment Care:
Sun Protection: Following the peel, it’s essential to protect your skin from sun exposure by
applying sunscreen with a high SPF and wearing protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.
Moisturise : Your provider may recommend applying a gentle moisturiser to soothe and
hydrate your skin as it heals.
Avoidance of Irritants: Avoid using harsh skincare products, exfoliants, or treatments that
could irritate your skin while it’s healing.
Follow-Up: Your provider will provide you with detailed post-treatment instructions and
schedule any necessary follow-up appointments to monitor your progress and ensure optimal
results.
Overall, the procedure for a TCA peel is relatively straightforward, but it’s essential to entrust your
skin to a qualified healthcare professional experienced in performing chemical peels to minimise
the risk of complications and achieve the best possible outcomes. With proper preparation,
application, and post-treatment care, a TCA peel can help rejuvenate your skin and address various
concerns, leaving you with a smoother, more radiant complexion